About 2600 B.C
The emperor used a lens to shade and observe the stars
According to the Huangdi Neijing: "the emperor and his mother will be in the king's room, and they will cast 12 fire mirrors, which will be used with the moon. Then the mirror begins at Xuanyuan. "
According to Confucius, ancient Chinese used crystal glasses to treat eye diseases.
In 1000 BC
Yangsui (copper concave mirror) was excavated from the tomb of the Western Zhou Dynasty, No. 60, Zhouyuan, Fufeng, Shaanxi Province, which proves that the Chinese have mastered the theory of direct and refraction of light and used it to make mirrors and fire.
5th century BC
In Mozi, an ancient Chinese philosopher, he elaborated the theory that light radiates in a straight line and has reflection characteristics, which laid a theoretical foundation for the emergence of monocles in China.
Han dynasty
The world records a large number of scriptures and biographies, saying that it is difficult to recognize the small words on the fly head, so it naturally needs a kind of eye aid tool. The excavation of the magnifier with crystal inlaid in the gold ring of the Han tomb No.2 in Ganquan, Hanjiang, Jiangsu Province is an empirical study.
The diameter of the mirror is 1.3cm. It is inlaid in a gold ring with gold patterns. The weight of the mirror is 2.3g and the object is magnified 4-5 times. The size of the body, the exquisite selection of materials, and the exquisite decoration of the craft prove that the crystal convex lens can be processed and grinded in the Eastern Han Dynasty (the first half of the 1st century AD).
Jin Dynasty
Chinese people have used crystal to make optical lenses.
A magnifier made by a crystal master was unearthed in the Jin tomb in the northern suburb of Nanjing. It has a diameter of 2cm, a center thickness of 0.5cm, and can magnify objects 3-4 times.
Tang dynasty
In the heyday of feudal society, science and technology such as medicine and optics became more and more mature, and a large number of printed books and scriptures appeared, which provided objective conditions for the development of glasses.
It is said that Ju Zhishan, a great scholar in Tang Dynasty, once used round spectacles with handle.
Beining period
Shen Kuo discussed the theory of geometrical optics, concave mirror and convex mirror in Mengxi's pen talk, which further laid the foundation of optical theory in China.
Yuan dynasty
Marco Polo, a famous Italian tourist, saw Chinese people wearing glasses in the capital city of China in 1271. At this time, the glasses are likely to be two piece glasses with beam, frame, string and ear hook. Marco Polo introduced it to the west when he returned home. The first place to make a mirror was Venice, his hometown. In the west, it was at the end of the 13th century.
However, the person who introduced glasses from China to Europe is actually an Italian physicist in the 13th century. But it was almost a century before glasses were widely used there.
During this period, they struggled to solve a problem: how to wear glasses comfortably and for a long time? At first, things like today's magnifying glass were used to make frames on lenses made of transparent crystal stone, emerald, Amethyst and other minerals, and then they were fixed on handles or walking sticks. Later, they were tied to the chest with ropes, and gradually developed long handled glasses. Later, long handled binoculars and pincers appeared. They are especially suitable for Roman and English people with high bridge of nose. Voltaire, the great writer, praised in his works: "everything has its purpose, and everything is indispensable to achieve that purpose. Look at the nose for glasses! Because of it, we have glasses. "
It wasn't until the 16th century that the Spaniards tried to tie the ribbon to the outside of the frame and then put it safely over their ears that the problem was solved. It wasn't until 1730 that an Englishman discovered the head sized glasses, which soon became a double hook to ear style called "Sunglasses" by France, and happily claimed that this style could let people breathe freely.
When spectacles were first introduced into England, priests criticized that "an attempt to restore failing eyesight with spectacles is a malicious provocation against a merciful God." But the reputation of spectacles has not diminished, perhaps thanks to a cartoonist, William hogas pantran. This poor Italian humorous old man often draws glasses in his satirical paintings in order to attack his glasses. In fact, glasses are more popular.
In Spain, however, the opposite is true. In 1612, a Milanese pointed out in a book that Spain "welcomes glasses from all walks of life, because they think that wearing them will make you more calm and important.". Several years after the book was published, a French lady who visited Madrid wrote: "in Spain, when someone's wealth increases, he increases his glasses."
It wasn't until 1784 that Benjamin Franklin of the United States invented the bifocal glasses, which improved their reputation. As for invisible glasses, they were made by Germans in 1887.
These are the development history of early foreign glasses
Late Ming and early Qing Dynasty
Sun Yunqiu (1626-1661), an optical instrument manufacturer, pioneered the optometry method of "mirror to mirror with eyes", expanding the perspective glasses into 72 kinds of mirror methods, using the convex concave mirror refraction principle, according to people's age and different eyesight, developed various kinds of lenses with different luminosity, such as old flower, little flower, farsightedness and myopia, and invented the "tractor" grinding lens, creating the farsightedness mirror, water mirror, end volume mirror, incense mirror and photography Light mirror, sunset mirror, microscope, wanhuajing, and the history of mirrors.
After the founding of the people's Republic of China
With the rapid development of China's spectacle industry, the spectacle frame has gradually shifted to non-metallic frame (celluloid, plastic, plate, etc.).
After the reform and opening up
The glasses are of various styles and various brands are born according to the requirements. The double piece curved leg glasses have developed to a new height.
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that man · 2024-01-24 14:09
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